Autor
Palabras clave
interrupción voluntaria del embarazo
libre desarrollo de la personalidad
derecho fundamental a la integridad física y moral
derecho a la protección de la salud
regresión interpretativa
Reforma constitucional
Consejo de Estado.
Resumen
El Gobierno ha presentado recientemente un proyecto de reforma constitucional con la finalidad de garantizar el derecho al aborto en el máximo nivel normativo. La interpretación regresiva que tal derecho ha experimentado en la reciente jurisprudencial del Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos (Dobbs vs. Jackson, 2022) ha actuado como un riesgo no meramente hipotético que es necesario neutralizar. Así se ha entendido en Francia, donde se ha aprobado por una amplísima mayoría parlamentaria una reforma de la Constitución en 2024, garantizando el derecho de la mujer a la interrupción del embarazo. En el caso de España es preciso atender al fragmentado contexto político existente para abordar el estudio de los principales elementos que configuran la referida operación reformadora planteada. Por una parte, la vinculación del aborto con el derecho a la salud y no con el derecho fundamental a la integridad física y moral de la mujer, según se presenta en la jurisprudencia de nuestro Tribunal Constitucional. Por otra, la opción de activar la vía de la reforma constitucional simplificada, como mecanismo para facilitar el éxito de la operación en el Parlamento. La conjunción de ambas cuestiones pone de manifiesto un panorama jurídicamente problemático y, asimismo, dotado de altas dosis de incertidumbre política con respecto al éxito de la reforma auspiciada.
Keywords
Voluntary termination of pregnancy; free development of the personality; fundamental right to life and to physical and moral integrity; right to health protection; regressive interpretation; Constitutional Amendment; Council of State.
Abstract
The Government has presented recently a constitutional reform project aimed at guaranteeing the right to abortion at the highest normative level. The regressive interpretation this right has undergone in the recent jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States (Dobbs vs Jackson, 2022) has acted as a risk to be neutralized. This was the understanding in France, where a constitutional reform was approved in 2024 by a vast parliamentary majority, guaranteeing a woman’s right to the termination of pregnancy.
It is necessary to consider the fragmented political context in Spain to address the study of the primary elements configuring the aforementioned reform operation. On one hand, the linking of abortion to the right to health rather than to the fundamental right to physical and moral integrity of the woman, as presented in the jurisprudence of the Spanish Constitutional Court. On the other, the option of activating the simplified constitutional reform procedure as a mechanism to facilitate the operation’s success in Parliament. The combination of both issues reveals a legally problematic landscape which is, likewise, fraught with a high degree of political uncertainty regarding the success of the reform.
It is necessary to consider the fragmented political context in Spain to address the study of the primary elements configuring the aforementioned reform operation. On one hand, the linking of abortion to the right to health rather than to the fundamental right to physical and moral integrity of the woman, as presented in the jurisprudence of the Spanish Constitutional Court. On the other, the option of activating the simplified constitutional reform procedure as a mechanism to facilitate the operation’s success in Parliament. The combination of both issues reveals a legally problematic landscape which is, likewise, fraught with a high degree of political uncertainty regarding the success of the reform.